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blacktail redhorse
The Blacktail Redhorse (''Moxostoma poecilurum'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Moxostoma''. The Blacktail Redhorse occupies North America, being located throughout Mississippi River tributaries on the former Mississippi Embayment, ranging from Southern Kentucky to Galveston Bay in Texas.〔Froese Rainer and Daniel Pauly eds. 2006. ''Moxostoma poecilurum''
(http://fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Moxostoma&speciesname=poecilurum) in FishBase. April 2006 version.〕〔 Warren Jr. Melvin L. et al. 2011. Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation Status of the Native Freshwater Fishes of the Southeastern United States. Fisheries 25:7-31.〕
==Distribution and habitat==
''Moxostoma poecilurum'' is found throughout Mississippi River tributaries on the former Mississippi Embayment running from Southern Kentucky to Southern Arkansas, south to Louisiana. It can also be found in gulf slope drainages from the Choctawhatchee River in Alabama and Florida to Galveston Bay in Texas. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States. The distribution has not been noticeably decreased for any reason, nor has the Blacktail Redhorse been extirpated from any particular location.〔
''Moxostoma poecilurum'' is a demersal, temperate, freshwater fish, most commonly found in sandy and rocky pools, runs, and riffles of small to medium sized streams and rivers.〔 Due to their adaptive abilities and widespread distribution throughout the Southeast, they can sometimes also be found in reservoirs, swamps, and the Mobile Delta.〔Fishes of Alabama and the Mobile Basin. www.outdooralabama.com/fishing/freshwater/fish/other/sucker/redhorse/blacktail〕 They generally occur in swift to standing water over sand, silt, rock, or gravel substrates and around aquatic vegetation.〔 It is a benthic feeder and has a relatively diverse diet ranging from detritus, diatoms, and a wide variety of small invertebrates including microcrustacea, rotifers and the larvae of many insects.〔〔Kilgen R.H.. 1972. Food habits and growth of fingerling blacktail redhorse, ''Moxostoma poecilurum''(Jordan), in ponds. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences 35:12-20.〕 A Louisiana State University study revealed a specific diet “primarily composed of chironomid (55%) and heptageniid larvae (17%)”.〔Bahm Jesse A.. The Ecology of Blacktail Redhorse ''Moxostoma poecilurum'' in West Fork Thompson Creek, Louisiana. 2007. Louisiana State University.〕 Due to its relatively small size, the Blacktail Redhorse is a common prey species among many avian and mammalian predators.〔
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